Výhody i nevýhody 3D tisku jsou současným tématem mnoha konferencí a diskusních fór. Najdou se však společnosti, které vidí výhody 3D tisku s odstupem několika let a vsází na to, že se prototypová výroba stane součástí i běžné výroby dílů, u kterých dává smysl jejich odlehčení nebo tzv. kustomizace. Všimněme si však zajímavého trendu, který poukazuje na výhody 3D tisku v oblasti topologické optimalizace s využitím konstruování bionických prvků. Ačkoliv jsou nápady futuristické, výroba je předražená a neuvažuje se s jejich zavedením do sériové výroby, design, při kterém nemají konstruktéři žádná omezení, je velmi atraktivní.
Aditivní výroba nahrává futuristickým nápadům. V minulosti jsme mohli vidět koncept vytištěného rámu horského kola z titanové slitiny Ti6Al4V, které představila společnost Renishaw. Odlehčenou konstrukci z niklové oceli vytiskl koncern Airbus, aby představil budoucnost odlehčených dílů v letadlech. První elektrokolo eBike na míru cyklistovi s integrovanou baterií ve vytištěném rámu uvedla společnost Kinazo Design, která jej vyrábí na 3D tiskárně Concept Laser na Slovensku. Dalším průkopníkem je BMW.
Horské kolo s titanovým rámem představila společnost Renishaw. Foto: Renishaw
Bionický rám motocyklu vyvinul Airbus. Foto: Airbus
Elektrokolo s integrovanou baterií vyrábí společnost Kinazo Design na Slovensku. Kinazo Design
Budoucnost 3D tisku a odlehčení dopravních prostředků topologickou optimalizací s návrhem bionické konstrukce vidí i BMW. Na technologickém dni v Marseille představila společnost vytištěný rám motocyklu S1000RR, jehož tvar optimalizoval speciální software. Rám tvoří tři díly, které byly vyrobeny technologií SLM – spékáním práškového kovu vrstvu po vrstvy. Tyto díly byly následně svařeny, aby vytvořily jeden celistvý rám. Velikost jednotlivých dílů je totiž ovlivněna stavební komorou.
BMW představilo na technologickém dni bionický rám eletromotocyklu vyrobený 3D tiskem. Foto BMW
Při stavbě rámu byla použita 3D tiskárna se 4 lasery. Foto: BMW
Rám a vytištěné díly motocyklu jsou zdokumentovány ve videu (1,5 minuty, anglicky):
BMW vidí v aditivní potenciál. Motocykl s bionickým rámem není jediným výstupem z vlastní prototypové dílny. Podívejte se, na jaké prototypy využívá BMW výhody 3D tisku:
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